EU-Latin America Convention on Raw Materials 2021
The EU-Latin America Convention on Raw Materials, organised in the framework of the EU-Latin Ameri-can Partnership on Raw Materials, brings together the mineral raw materials community including policy makers, industry, the private sector, and researchers in the EU and Latin America. It seeks to promote cooperation and direct knowledge exchange between the EU and Latin American partner countries, based on their common interests, goals and shared values. The Partnership aims to move a step further towards integration of strategic industrial value chains for both regions, exploring new business models and adding value to society, while maintaining high environmental and social standards at the core of this partnership.
ABOUT
In the face of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic, mining and related industries are undergoing unprecedented changes. Never before has the pressure for sustainable production and resilient supply chains been so strong. With its European Green Deal, the EU strives to build a digital and net-zero economy and its Action Plan on Critical Raw Materials aims to ensure access to minerals for key industrial ecosystems such as renewable energy, e-mobility, and digital innovation. The pandemic has highlighted the need of building integrated, sustainable and transparent value chains, from mine to consumers.
Mining is also a vital sector in Latin American economies, delivering revenues needed for financing public investment in sustainable development. Yet the industry also causes impacts on the environment and local communities. Mining and related industries are required to reduce their impact on ecosystems and communities, and to adopt practices that deliver wellbeing for the local population. To ensure long-term economic benefits of mining, Latin American countries also seek to move up the minerals-based value chains and establish domestic industries that create added value in the sector.
The EU and Latin America can overcome these challenges if they work together. With enhanced cooperation for sustainable, integrated value chains, the mining sector and downstream industries can contribute to a green recovery and a just transition towards carbon-neutral economies.
The EU-Latin America Convention on Raw Materials will deliver insights on sustainability in minerals-based value chains between the EU and Latin America. It offers a space for jointly charting pathways towards building resilient value chains between the EU and Latin America based on sustainable and responsible mining practices.
Starting with a high-level political event on the first day, the Conference will offer a programme of key thematic sessions during the second day. Networking opportunities including a virtual poster session will be organised to facilitate contacts and exchange among participants.
Simultaneous interpretation for participants in English, Spanish and Portuguese will be available both days except for the networking event. The event is free of charge.
PROGRAMME
Conference presentations are available in the Library for MDNP members.
Thursday 25 November 2021 | |
15:00 - 16:10 |
High level plenary session: Policy developments towards sustainable mining.
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16:10 - 16:20 | Break (Virtual networking opportunities available) |
16:20 - 17:20 |
High level plenary session: Policy developments towards sustainable mining.
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17:20 - 17:30 | Break (Virtual networking opportunities available) |
17:30 - 18:30 |
Panel discussion
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18:30 - 18:50 | Closure of day 1 and opening of networking session |
18:50 - 20:00 | Virtual poster session and further 1:1 networking opportunities |
Friday 26 November 2021 | |
15:00 - 16:00 |
Panel discussion: Requirements for a sustainable and responsible mining.
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16:00 - 16:20 | Q&A with all participants from the panel discussion |
16:20 - 16:35 | Break (Virtual networking opportunities available) |
16:35 - 17:35 |
Panel discussion: Integration of raw materials value chains between the EU and Latin America.
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17:35 - 17:55 | Q&A with all participants from the panel discussion |
17:55 - 18:00 | Closure of the Convention |
18:00 - 19:00 | Virtual poster session and further 1:1 networking opportunities |
SPEAKERS
António Mateus University of Lisboa Portugal Professor Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences |
António Manuel Nunes Mateus has been a full professor at the Faculty of Science of the University of Lisbon since 2006, and a member of the Research Group 3 (Solid Earth Dynamics, Hazards and Resources) of the Instituto Dom Luiz. Currently, he is also President of the School Council of FCUL. He earned his BSc in Geology, PhD (Geology – Metallogeny) and Habilitation (Geology – Crystallography, Mineralogy and Metallogeny) from the University of Lisbon in 1985, 1995 and 2004, respectively. His work has focused mainly on understanding ore-forming processes in different geodynamic set-tings, aiming at improvements of genetic models, exploration methods, and the composition of metallic ores. Concerns about the future supply of mineral raw materials and the need to safeguard the access to known deposits and promising prospects, have been mainly addressed in the past 10 years. Antonio Mateus actively participated in several research projects (competitive funding), acting as PI in many of them. He also participated in and coordinated several research contracts with industry concerning mineral exploration, ore characterisation and mineral economics. |
Dirk Bubenheim BMW Group Germany Senior Manager Purchasing Plastics, Chemicals, Process Materials and Battery Raw Materials |
Dirk Bubenheim is the Senior Manager Global Purchasing and Quality Management for Chemical Prod-ucts and Battery Raw Materials at the BMW Group, based at its headquarters in Munich, Germany. He is a qualified Process Engineer and started his career at Siemens Power Generation before changing to KPMG Consulting with the focus on Product Lifecycle Management. Since joining BMW in 2004, Mr. Bubenheim has held several management positions in purchasing with volume responsibility >1 bn. EUR p.a. |
Edgar Blanco Rand Ministry of Mining Chile Undersecretary of Mining |
Edgar Blanco Rand is Chile's Deputy Secretary of Mining at the Ministry of Mining. He is a Civil Industrial Engineer by trade, with a major in Mining and a Master's degree in Mineral Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Before accepting his current appointment, Edgar Blanco served as Intendant of the Antofagasta Region and, prior to that, as Seremi (Regional Ministerial Secretary) of Public Works of that same region. During his professional career he worked with small, medium and large scale mining. Edgar has more than 11 years of experience in open pit and underground mining. |
Enir Sebastião Mendes Ministry of Mines and Energy Brazil Director for the Department of Transformation and Mineral Technology |
Enir Sebastião Mendes is the Director of the Department of Mineral Transformation and Technology of the Secretariat of Geology, Mining and Mineral Transformation of the Ministry of Mines and Energy. His areas of activity include geological mapping, mineral prospecting and research, mine planning, quality control, environmental monitoring and recovery of degraded areas, as well as hydroelectric inventories and public management. He is a geologist from the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) and has postgraduate degrees in Sustainable Development and Environmental Law (University of Brasilia), Public Management (National School of Public Administration ENAP), and Sustainability and Public Policy (International University Center UNINTER). |
Éric Pirard (Moderator) University of Liège Belgium Professor in Mineral Resources |
Éric Pirard is a geological engineer and professor at University of Liège (BE). He is the academic coordinator of EMerald, a European master’s degree programme in resources engineering labelled by the EIT RawMaterials Academy. His research group, GeMMe, is active in developing innovative technologies for mineral resources characterisation, geometallurgy, and the circular economy of materials and metals. GeMMe participates in several research projects funded by European (H2020 Tarantula, EIT Cebra, LIFE PlasPlus etc.) and regional funds (Reverse Metallurgy Wallonia, 61 M€). Éric Pirard is invited professor at Universidad Politecnica de Madrid and has been actively involved for more than 25 years in cooperation projects with Latin America through teaching (Lima (PE), Oruro (BO)) and field research (Li brines, Fe BIF, small scale gold etc.). |
Ernest Barcelo OMYA, IMA Switzerland Vice-President Sustainability (OMYA), Chairman working group Environment (IMA) |
Ernest Barcelo is an Industrial Engineer from Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC, Spain) and holds a Master’s from the same University and the EFQM. An IESE PDD Business Management Graduate, he is also pursuing a PhD in Chemical Engineering at Aalto University (Finland), and taught Integrated Man-agement Systems on the Quality Management Master programme at UPC (Spain) from 2001 to 2012. He joined Omya in 1997 as Director of Quality Management and Environment at Omya Clariana (Spain) and now holds the position of Vice-President Sustainability for the Omya Group (Switzerland). He oversees issues related to compliance and management systems at corporate level. With calcium carbonate be-ing used in multiple applications, Ernest is member of various industry associations. He is an active member of the Calcium Carbonate Association Europe (CCA-Europe) and chairs the Environment working group at Industrial Minerals (IMA-Europe). Since 2016, he has been a member of the Latin American Chamber of Commerce in Switzerland (LATCAM). |
Francisco Paris EITI International Secretariat Norway Regional Director Latin America and the Caribbean |
Francisco Paris leads the Latin America and Caribbean team to support the EITI’s work on more than a dozen countries in LAC including Colombia, Guyana, Mexico, Peru, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. He also works on environmental reporting, state-owned enterprises and subnational EITI implementation, and provides support to the EITI Board. Prior to joining the EITI, Francisco worked in banking and consulting. He also worked in the Venezuelan public sector as a member of the team responsible for privatising assets held by the Deposit Insurance Agency. Francisco earned his PhD from the London School of Economics and wrote his dissertation on the Political Economy of the Management of Oil Revenues in Venezuela and PDVSA (1975-2005). His professional interests are related to political economy and natural resource management. |
Gloria Prieto Geological Survey of Colombia Colombia Technical Director |
Gloria Prieto is the current Technical Director of the Directorate of Mineral Resources of the Colombian Geological Survey (SGC). Gloria Prieto is a chemist by trade and holds a PhD in Sciences (Geochemistry and Petrology). She has experience and received training in environmental management, exploration, prospecting, and handling of mineral resources, and has specialised in upper management. Since she joined the SGC in 1987, she has conducted research and led projects in geochemistry and multipurpose geochemical mapping, medical and environmental geochemistry, and mineral prospecting and exploration. Mrs. Prieto is a member of the Editorial Board of the journal “Geochemistry: Exploration - Environment - Analysis, GEEA” and representative of South America in the “Task Group on Global Geochemical Baselines” of the IUGS/IAGC. She is also a member of the Scientific Committee and member of the Governing Board of the UNESCO International Centre on Global-Scale Geochemistry. |
Ignacio Mehech Albemarle Chile Vice Manager of External Affairs and Country Manager Chile |
Ignacio Mehech Castellón is the Vice President of External Affairs and Country Manager of Albemarle Chile. He holds a Law Degree from the University of Chile, a Diploma in Natural Resources and Energy Law from the Catholic University and a Master in Law from the University of Melbourne, Australia. Previously, he worked as Legal Manager of Albemarle Chile, where he led the legal department of the company, taking on important challenges, among them, the successful negotiation of contracts between the company and the State. Having extensive experience in the regulatory and mining sector, prior to Albemarle, Ignacio Mehech worked as a lawyer at the mining company El Abra. Ignacio Mehech joins Albemarle Chile at a good time, with several projects underway, including the new conversion plant at La Negra, which Albemarle expects to open in 2022. Another project to be developed under his leadership will be the implementation of the Lithium Recovery Efficiency initiative at the Salar Plant, which will increase production with the same amount of authorised brine, reflecting the company's commitment to sustainability |
Joaquim Nunes de Almeida (Moderator) European Commission EU Director of Mobility & Energy Intensive Industries at the Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs (DG GROW) |
Since March 2021, Joaquim Nunes de Almeida has been the Director in charge of “Mobility and energy intensive industries” at the European Commission in the Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs (DG GROW). This includes “Green and Circular Economy” as well as the Circular Plastics Alliance. Previously, he was the Director in charge of the single market policy (since 2016). Joaquim started his career at the European Commission in 1995 and has extensive experience in policies related to the internal market and home affairs (police cooperation, terrorism, law enforcement, asylum and immigration). He studied law and worked as a lawyer at the Bar of Lisbon, Portugal, from 1989 to 1994, dealing mainly with anti-trust law as well as commercial and civil law. |
Jorge Chávez Cresta Ministry of Energy and Mining Peru Vice Minister of Mines |
Jorge Chávez Cresta is a retired Peruvian Army General, he was Minister of Defence in 2020, after having been Director General of Policies and Strategy and coordinator of the National Emergency Operations Centre in that area. He also served as Head of the Civil Defence Institute and was Vice-Chairman of the Managing Committee of the Americas Regional Group of the United Nations, INSARAG. He is currently the Vice-Minister of Mines and the Vice-Minister in charge of Hydrocarbons in the Peruvian Ministry of Energy and Mines. Jorge Chávez Cresta is a civil engineer, lawyer, has an MBA from the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (Mexico), and holds a PhD in Government and Public Policy from the Instituto de Gobierno y Gestión Pública at the Universidad de San Martín de Porres (Peru). He studied Higher Public Administration at the Universidad del Pacífico, Higher Administration at the Universidad de Piura and the Higher Human Resources Management Programme at the Escuela Superior de Administración de Negocios (ESAN). |
Jorge Chira Fernández Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Institute (INGEMMET) Peru Director of Mineral and Energy Resources |
Jorge Chira Fernández became the Director of Mineral and Energy Resources at the Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET) in 2012, where he has been working for 28 years, mainly in the area of Geochemical Prospecting. Between 2018 and 2020 he worked as Coordinator of Geology and Laboratories of the Executive Presidency of INGEMMET. He is a geological engineer, Master in Geology and PhD in Environmental Sciences from the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos in Lima. Jorge Chira is also a Senior Professor at the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, where he has been working since 1991, teaching General Geochemistry and Geochemical Prospecting for undergraduate and graduate courses, where he also teaches Thesis Seminar I, II and III. He has been in charge of geochemistry research projects and has participated in several national and international congresses. |
José Rafael Jabalera Secretariat of Economy Mexico General Director of Mining Development |
Jose Jabalera Batista is the General Director of Mining Development at the Mexican Ministry of Economy, with the objective of promoting the sustainable development of Mexico’s mining industry, consolidating existing operations and seeking to attract new investment for the development of the country’s mining potential under the principles of developing local economies, while respecting the environment and human rights. He has a degree in Business Administration from the Universidad Autónoma de Chihuaha. He has held various positions in the public sector, including the promotion of the state’s mining potential and the attraction of investment, technical and legal advice to mining, support for security strategies in mining areas, promotion of local supply and its inclusion in the supply chain, communication between mining companies and communities, and support for community development plans in the areas of influence of mining units. |
Juan Luis Dammert Natural Resource Governance Institute LATAM Latin America Director |
Juan Luis Dammert is the Latin America Director of the Natural Resource Governance Institute. Over his career, his work has covered issues of resource governance and environmental change in Latin America. Before joining NRGI, he worked for Oxfam in Peru and as an adjunct professor at Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru (PUCP). Prior to his doctoral studies, Juan Luis worked for the Peruvian Society for Environmental Law (SPDA). He has led and published research for Universidad del Pacifico (Peru), the Wildlife Conservation Society and the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE), and participated in comparative research on issues including land conflict, deforestation, global environmental change, infrastructure projects and the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). Juan Luis holds a B.A. in sociology from PUCP and an M.A. and Ph.D. in geography from the Graduate School of Geography at Clark University in Massachusetts. |
Karen Lucía Flores Arredondo Mexican Chamber of Mining CAMIMEX Mexico Director General |
Karen Flores is the current General Director of the Mexican Chamber of Mining (CAMIMEX). She graduated with honours in Administration and Business Management from the Autonomous Technological Institute of Mexico, where she studied economics and public policy, social communications and public relations, and social investment, and she has more than 14 years of experience in the mining sector. From 2007 to 2013, Karen worked at the Undersecretariat for Mining of the Ministry of Economy, holding various positions. In 2014, she joined the Agnico Eagle team as the Head of Corporate and Government Relations for the Mexico Division. She was a member of the Steering Committee of the Mining Chamber of Mexico, and an active member of several of its commissions. She is also an advisor for the Chamber of Commerce of Canada in Mexico, where she chairs the Integration Caucus and the Women Building Business committee. She is a member of the founding group of WIM Women Mexico, a subsidiary of Women in Mining International. |
Kevin Flowers European Commission EU Team Leader Sustainable Development Goals, Green Finance & Economic Analysis Unit, DG ENV |
Kevin Flowers leads the Green Finance team in DG ENV as part of a broader cross-service Commission team. Focused on the implementation of the EU’s sustainable finance strategy, the work includes the development of the sustainable finance taxonomy, the proposal for a Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, the EU ecolabel for financial products, natural capital accounting, and environmental investment needs assessment. the European Commission in 1995 and worked on tasks related to the annual EU competitiveness report, cost-benefit analysis of environmental policy proposals, and drafting the 6th Environment Action Programme. Taking a 15-year sabbatical from the Commission in 2000, Mr. Flowers joined the global environmental management consultancy, ERM, where, as Senior Partner, he helped lead and grow the company’s international sustainability strategy, performance & assurance, and mining sector teams. Based in Copenhagen, Stockholm, and New York, Mr. Flowers worked closely with a wide spectrum of clients and sectors at both the corporate and site operational levels around the world including Rio Tinto, Xstrata (now part of Glencore), Anglo American, Nystar, Unilever, Volvo, Novo Nordisk, Holcim-Lafarge, Tetra Pak, Dupont, Coca-Cola, and P&G. |
Maive Rute European Commission EU Deputy Director - General, Directorate General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs (DG GROW) |
As Deputy Director-General at DG GROW, Maive Rute is a member of the top management for industry policy for Europe. Her main focus is on the decarbonisation of industries and the transition to new greener and digital production modes, resilience of supply chains, promotion of investments and protection of IP rights. She is member of the InvestEU Steering Board, EISMEA steering committee and EUIPO Management Board. Between 2009 – 2019 Maive worked as senior manager in the research and innovation field of the Eu-ropean Commission, after being recruited in 2005 as Director for Entrepreneurship and SMEs. In her home country, she has served as Deputy Governor of the Bank of Estonia and CEO of KredEx, the Estonian business and export financing body. She graduated as an agricultural economist in Estonia and holds an MBA from the Danube University Krems, Austria, and a Masters in international politics from CERIS, Belgium. |
Marcelo Pugliesi Ministry of Industry, Energyand Mining (MIEM) Uruguay National Director of Mining and Geology |
Mr. Pugliesi is the National Director of Mining and Geology at the Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mining (MIEM) of Uruguay. He retired as Mayor of Engineering Brand Army, explosive specialist, graduate in open-pit mining. He has more than thirty years of experience in engineering of explosives and drilling. |
Maria Rosa Sabbatelli European Commission EU Deputy Head of Unit at the Service for Foreign Policy Instruments (FPI) |
Maria Rosa Sabbatelli is currently the Deputy Head of Unit for Industrialised Countries & Foreign Policy Support at the Service for Foreign Policy Instruments (FPI) of the European Commission. From June 2017 to June 2021 Ms. Sabbatelli headed the FPI Regional Team Americas, based at the EU Delegation in Brasilia, responsible for the management of FPI actions in the Americas. From 2011 to 2017 she served as Project Manager at the EU Delegation in Brazil mainly working on the Human Rights and Governance portfolio. Previously she was posted at the EU Delegation to China where she managed the Human Rights and Rule of Law EU projects. |
Miguel Mauricio Soler Ministry of Economic Development and Production, Government of Jujuy Argentina Secretary of Mining and Hydrocarbons |
Miguel Soler has been working as Secretary of Mining and Hydrocarbons within the Ministry of Economic Development and Production of the Province of Jujuy since December 2015. In October 2020 he was elected as First Vice President of the Federal Mining Council. He also teaches Geology (Engineering Faculty - UNJu), Geological Practice I and Hydrothermal Alterations. Miguel Soler is a Geologist graduated from the National University of Córdoba in 1996, and a Doctor in Geological Sciences from the National University of Salta in 2005, specializing in volcanism – volcanic calderas, with several publications on the subject. He has worked in mining companies engaged in exploration, exploitation and production, having held several positions and being part of the team that developed and put into production the Pirquitas Mine deposit (Jujuy-Argentina). |
Pedro Paulo Dias Mesquita Ministry of Mines and Energy Brazil Secretary for Geology, Mining and Mineral Transformation |
Pedro Paulo Dias Mesquita is the current Secretary of Geology, Mining and Mineral Transformation at the Ministry of Mines and Energy of Brazil. He has a Master's degree in Public Policies, Strategies and Development from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) 2017, a postgraduate degree in MBA Financial Management, Controllership and Auditing from Fundação Getúlio Vargas (FGV-RJ) 2010 and a degree in Economics from UFRJ 2008. He worked as Sectoral Intelligence Manager in the Mining and Metals Department and in the Basic and Extractive Industries Department of the National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES). He is also currently an advisor to the president of Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep). |
Peter Handley (Moderator) European Commission EU Head of the Energy-Intensive Industries and Raw Materials Unit at the Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs (DG GROW) |
Since September 2017, Peter Handley has been Head of the Energy-Intensive Industries and Raw Materials Unit in the European Commission's Directorate General for Growth. He was previously Head of the Resource Efficiency Unit at the Secretariat-General, where he was responsible for the coordination of Energy Union, 2030 climate and energy package, low emission mobility strategy and the circular economy. |
Pierre-Alain Gautier ERAMET France Director Corporate Affairs & Partnerships |
Pierre-Alain Gautier is the current Director of the ERAMET Group's Corporate Affairs & Partner-ships Department. Previously, he was head of the Group's Strategy Department, contributing to the development of Eramet in base metals for a low carbon economy. In his current role, he is working on ERAMET's current activities, new projects and the impact of its operations, by developing a more systematic approach to setting up partnerships, particularly with regard to energy transition issues. In this capacity, Mr. Gautier is responsible for the European Raw Materials Alliance's Battery Task Force, an initiative of the European Commission to secure the availability of critical and strategic metals for European industry. Mr. Gautier has also been a French foreign trade advisor since 2013. |
Stefan Debruyne SQM Chile Director of External Affairs |
Stefan Debruyne is the current Director of External Affairs at SQM. In his current position, he focuses on the stakeholders of the global EV battery value chain. He joined SQM in 2005 as Asia-Pacific lithium and iodine sales Director. He witnessed firsthand the boom in lithium-ion battery production in Asia and the emerging electrification of transportation in China. Mr. Debruyne earned a Master's degree in commercial engineering from the Catholic University of Leuven (Belgium) in 1997, and in 2021 a Master’s degree in business administration from the Vlerick Business School in Belgium. Prior to joining SQM in 2005, he held a variety of international commercial roles in different listed companies. |
Sylvia Gladys Gimbernat Ministry of Productive Development Argentina Undersecretary for Mining Policy |
Sylvia Gimbernat has been the Undersecretary for Mining Policy at the Mining Secretariat of Argentina since 2019. She is a lawyer and has a Master's degree in Management of Mining Companies from the Law School of the Universidad Católica de Cuyo. She was a professor in the Postgraduate Program, Master "Environmental Technologies" at the Faculty of Engineering, and a member of the Faculty of the Master's Degree in Environmental Information for Sustainable Development at the Universidad Nacional de San Juan. She has worked in the province of San Juan as a lawyer in the Project for the Extension and Improvement of Rural Education and Improvement of Agricultural Technical Education of the Ministry of Education and Culture; as a legal adviser to the Ministry of Education, the Directorate of Environmental Policy and the Directorate of Planning and Urban Development of the Ministry of Works, Public Services and Environment; In the Centro de Investigaciones para la prevención de la Contaminación Ambiental Minera Industrial (CIPCAMI) [Research Centre for the Prevention of Industrial Mining Environmental Contamination]; and in the Comisión Interdisciplinaria de Evaluación Ambiental Minera del Proyecto Minero Pascua Lama [Interdisciplinary Committee for the Environmental Mining Assessment of the Pascua Lama Mining Project]. She has served as Head of the Legal Department of the Secretariat of State for Mining of the Province of San Juan and the Ministry of Mining of the Province of Cuyo. |
Tatiana Aguilar Ministry of Energy and Mining Colombia Director for Corporate Mining |
Tatiana Aguilar is Director of Corporate Mining at the Ministry of Mining and Energy of Colombia. She was appointed to this position in 2020, after serving as advisor to the Deputy Minister of Mining and the Minister on Mining and Energy for four years. She has also served as advisor at the National Mining Agency of Colombia. In her current role, she leads the Ministry of Mining’s campaign in diversifying the mining production matrix and increasing mineral production based on agile, efficient and sustainable practices. Tatiana Aguilar holds a master’s degree in Social Policy and Development from the London School of Economics and Political Science, and a master’s degree in Economics from Universidad de los Andes. She also holds degrees in Economics, Finance and International Trade from the Universidad del Rosario. |